Caracol Stela 16
Location: Caracol
Dates: 9.5.0.0.0 11 Ajaw 18 Zec / July 13, 534 CE
Kings: 7
Though we know little about the context, Caracol Stela 16 marks the first confirmed mention of a Copan king outside of the Southeastern region (Martin and Grube 2008, 197).
While one side depicts the Caracol king K’an I, commissioner of this monument, the textual side describes the erection of the stelae as well as familial and political relations (Grube 1990; Martin and Grube 2008, 87). After a now illegible portion of the text, K’an I discusses yitah and tz’akab - siblinghood and succession respectively - which may indicate a network of related royalty throughout the region. The text continues with a “royal woman from Xultun”, a city in the Peten region in Guatemala and concludes with reference to “Copan Ajaw” Bahlam Nehn (Martin and Grube 2008, 87; Grube 1990).
With the focus on family in the text, Bahlam Nehn may have been a relative of K’an I. The Founder himself, Yax K’uk’ Mo’, is presumed to have been from the Central Peten Region, perhaps more specifically from Caracol (Price et al. 2010). On Stela 63, Popol Hol refers to the Founder as Uxwitza’ ch’ajoom, or “Three Hills Water Lord”, with Three Hills Water being understood as a place name for Caracol. A similar title “Three Hills Lord” would later appear on Waxaklajuun Ubaah K’awiil’s Stela J (Stuart 2007).
Unfortunately, we do not currently know why the seventh king’s name appears here, whether he was an ally or relative (Martin and Grube 2008, 87). Regardless, the fact that his name appears at all speaks to Copan’s power at this time (Grube 1990). The thirteenth ruler Waxaklajuun Ubaah K’awiil would later asssociate Copan with Maya Lowland Capital Tikal, Palenque, and Calakmul with cardinal directions on his Stela A, asserting the city’s prestige (Fash 2011, 59). With Copan’s influence reaching to Caracol, the thirteenth ruler’s claims may have been justified.
Motifs
- Serpent Bar
- Tuun in hand
See Also:
Sources:
- Fash, Barbara W. 2011. Copan Sculpture Museum, The . Cambridge: Peabody Museum Press.
- Fash, Barbara W. 2004. “Early Classic Sculptural Development at Copan.” In Understanding Early Copan, edited by Ellen E. Bell, Marcello A. Canuto, & Robert J. Sharer, 249-264. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
- Grube, Nikolai. 1990. “Copan Note 68: A Reference to Water-Lily Jaguar on Stela 16” In Copan Notes, The. Caracol: Copán Mosaics Project.</li>
- Looper, Matthew George. 2003. Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Martin, Simon and Nikolai Grube. 2008. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London: Thames and Hudson
- Price, T. Douglas, James H. Burton, Robert J. Sharer, Jane E. Buikstra, Lori E. Wright, Loa P. Traxler, and Katherine A. Miller. 2010. "Kings and Commoners at Copan: Isotopic Evidence for Origins and Movement in the Classic Maya Period." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29 (1): 15-32.
- Stuart, David. 2007. "The Origin of Copan’s Founder" Maya Decipherment: Ideas on Ancient Maya Writing and Iconography website, June 25. Accessed April 21, 2020. https://mayadecipherment.com/2007/06/25/the-origin-of-copans-founder/